The Sacred Art of Sikh Music

“Whosoever listens to kirtan or sings kirtan of Hari shall be free of all ills.”
– Guru Granth Shahib

In Sikh tradition, no ceremony, occasion or event is complete without the singing of kirtan—a devotional hymn in praise of God. A cherished form of congregational prayer, it has, according to scripture, the ability to cleanse the mind of impurities, both physical and sensual; liberate one from the burdens of time and death; dispel disease, sorrow and suffering; and usher in peace and bliss. 

Understanding the Sikh religion 

In Punjabi, the word “sikh” means “disciple”, and central to the faith is the relationship between the Sikh and his master, who guides him through the teachings and writings of the 10 Gurus. Sikhism is rooted in the principles of oneness and love, encouraging a life of servitude and spirituality. It is believed that to lead a good life, one must work diligently, live honestly, treat everyone equally, serve others, be generous to the less fortunate, and keep God close to the heart and mind at all times. 

Hymns of Praise 

Music is a central part of worship, with the religion’s 16th century founders being skilled poets, composers and musicians. Foremost among them was Guru Nanak, who expressed his teachings and revelations through poetry, which he sang alongside his companion Bhai Mardana, a bard who played the rabab—a plucked string instrument. 

Over time, Guru Nanak's hymns, along with those of his nine successors, were compiled into what is now known as the Guru Granth Sahib, the sacred scripture of the Sikhs. Within this revered text, the hymns of the Gurus are organised under 31 raags or ragas—modes characterised by a specific series of notes and path melodies. Each raga has a name, an associated time of day or year when it is best performed, and evokes specific emotions. 

In the hands of his spiritual successors and devout Sikhs, this musical tradition has flourished as a powerful means of spiritual elevation. New ragas, styles and musical instruments have emerged, perpetuating the legacy of creativity and devotion. Today, the singing and contemplation of these hymns resonate day and night at Sikh temples all over the world.